Guest speaker Dr Fiona McGill

Definitions

Thing	What thing means
Meningitis
Pathological diagnosis - Inflammation of the meninges
Encephalitis
Pathological diagnosis - Inflammation of the encephalon (brain tissue)
Meningoencephalitis
Both - mainly seen in specific pathogens
Meningism / meningitic	Clinically detectable inflammation of the meninges. Syndrome includes: Neck stiffness, photophobia, Kernig’s

Incidence, aetiology, and sequelae of viral meningitis in UK adults: a multicentre prospective observational cohort study

Epidemiology

Increasingly uncommon, but high number of suspected cases
Reduction in prevalence linked to vaccination programme
1. Haemophilus influenza type B
2. Meningococcus C
3. Meningococcus ACWY
4. Meningococcus B
5. Pneumococcal vaccines

Invasive meningococcal disease in England by capsular group: 2012/13 through to 2023/24 (UK HSA):

Time of UK vaccine introduction (1796-2019):

Causative organisms

Bacterial	Viral	Fungal	Mycobacterial
[Neisseria meningitidis
(Meningococcus)](https://idiotspodcasting.buzzsprout.com/1782416/episodes/10376034-19-neiserria-knowledge)	Enterovirus	Cryptococcal	TB
[Streptococcus pneumoniae
(Pneumococcus)](https://idiotspodcasting.buzzsprout.com/1782416/episodes/8975858-2-streptococci-demystified)	HSV (2>1)	Rare others
e.g. dimorphics
[Haemophilus influenzae
(non type B)](https://idiotspodcasting.buzzsprout.com/1782416/episodes/11395884-32-hurrying-through-haemophilus)	VZV
Listeria
Enterobacterales

Links in table above to previous episodes on these bacterial causes

Considerations for TB::

Onset may be more insidious & associated with systemic symptoms
Those who have lived in high incidence areas
ICH