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UK Antibiotics Pharmacokinetic data

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ONE PK TABLE TO RULE THEM ALL.xlsx

Outliers

	Highest	Lowest
Bioavailability (%)	100: Levofloxacin, Linezolid	33-44: Fosfomycin
20-45: Erythromycin
Protein Binding (%)	93-99: Dalbavancin
95: Flucloxacillin
90-93: Daptomycin	2: Meropenem
0-11: Amikacin

Vd (L)	2177: Azithromycin
490-630: Tigecycline	5.2-5.8: Cefalexin
7: Daptomycin
Cl (ml/min)	630: Azithromycin
560: Penicillin V
350 - 630: Ciprofloxacin	0.9: Dalbavancin
~9.8: Daptomycin
10: Metronidazole
T1/2 (h)	346: Dalbavancin
68: Azithromycin
27-43: Tigecycline	0.4-0.9: Penicillin G
0.5: Penicillin V
0.76: Nitrofurantoin

Observations by drug class

Beta lactams

A: Highly bioavailable - Amoxicillin, Cefalexin, Pivmecillinam / Medium: Flucloxacillin Penicillin V.
D: Protein binding ranges from 2% (Meropenem) to 80-95% (Flucloxacillin, ceftriaxone, ertapenem). Vd 5-50L
M: Penicillins are broken down to inactive metabolites. Cephalosporins, Meropenem, Aztreonam mostly excreted unchanged.
E: Mostly renal. Significant hepatic excretion with:
- Flucloxacillin
- Ceftriaxone
T1/2: 0.5h (Penicillin V) to 8.7h (Ceftriaxone)

Glycopeptides

A: None (advantageous if Rx intraluminal pathogen e.g. C.difficile)
D: Protein binding / Vd: 55% / 28-70L (Vanc) - 99% / 14L (Dalba)