UK Antibiotics Pharmacokinetic data
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ONE PK TABLE TO RULE THEM ALL.xlsx
Outliers
|
Highest |
Lowest |
| Bioavailability (%) |
100: Levofloxacin, Linezolid |
33-44: Fosfomycin |
| 20-45: Erythromycin |
|
|
| Protein Binding (%) |
93-99: Dalbavancin |
|
| 95: Flucloxacillin |
|
|
| 90-93: Daptomycin |
2: Meropenem |
|
| 0-11: Amikacin |
|
|
|
|
|
| Vd (L) |
2177: Azithromycin |
|
| 490-630: Tigecycline |
5.2-5.8: Cefalexin |
|
| 7: Daptomycin |
|
|
| Cl (ml/min) |
630: Azithromycin |
|
| 560: Penicillin V |
|
|
| 350 - 630: Ciprofloxacin |
0.9: Dalbavancin |
|
| ~9.8: Daptomycin |
|
|
| 10: Metronidazole |
|
|
| T1/2 (h) |
346: Dalbavancin |
|
| 68: Azithromycin |
|
|
| 27-43: Tigecycline |
0.4-0.9: Penicillin G |
|
| 0.5: Penicillin V |
|
|
| 0.76: Nitrofurantoin |
|
|
Observations by drug class
Beta lactams
- A: Highly bioavailable - Amoxicillin, Cefalexin, Pivmecillinam / Medium: Flucloxacillin Penicillin V.
- D: Protein binding ranges from 2% (Meropenem) to 80-95% (Flucloxacillin, ceftriaxone, ertapenem). Vd 5-50L
- M: Penicillins are broken down to inactive metabolites. Cephalosporins, Meropenem, Aztreonam mostly excreted unchanged.
- E: Mostly renal. Significant hepatic excretion with:
- Flucloxacillin
- Ceftriaxone
- T1/2: 0.5h (Penicillin V) to 8.7h (Ceftriaxone)
Glycopeptides
- A: None (advantageous if Rx intraluminal pathogen e.g. C.difficile)
- D: Protein binding / Vd: 55% / 28-70L (Vanc) - 99% / 14L (Dalba)
- M: Limited
- E: Renal: 45-75%; Dalba some faecal loss